McClelland describes three major characteristics of high-nAch people: Why is nAch important to organizational behavior? a) Distributive justice High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. Or she may not be in the proper environment to solicit behaviors to satisfy the need. The twenty-one Nursing Problems C. Restorative Care Needs D. Therapeutic Self-care Demands Other companies have made social responsibility an everyday part of what they do. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. Maslows theory differs from others that preceded it because of this hierarchical, prepotency concept. b) It fails to help explain any cross-cultural management situations. Factors inside the person that cause people to perform tasks, intrinsic motivation, arise out of performing a task in and of itself, because it is interesting or fun to do. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. We say these people have a high achievement motive. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. During the process of refining and extending Maslows theory, Alderfer provided another need-based theory and a somewhat more useful perspective on motivation.12 Alderfers ERG theory compresses Maslows five need categories into three: existence, relatedness, and growth.13 In addition, ERG theory details the dynamics of an individuals movement between the need categories in a somewhat more detailed fashion than typically characterizes interpretations of Maslows work. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. 36. 61. a.) There are four major process theories: (1) operant conditioning, (2) equity, (3) goal, and (4) expectancy. A common perception about people who perform unskilled jobs is that they are unmotivated and content doing what they are doing. e) Frederick Herzberg. content theories include all of the following theories except: gaisano grand mall mission and visionjuin 29, 2022 There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. A. Hierarchy-of-needs B.Two-factor motivation C. Achievement motivation D. Equit y The text focuses on three content theories that have received the greatest amount of attention: the hierarchy-of-needs theory, the two-factor motivation theory, and the achievement motivation theory. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. a) only one need may be activated at the same time Goldberg and Heath discovered that socks are the most-requested clothing at homeless shelters. a) Expectations, relationships, and goals c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. b) Social All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: One major problem with the need approach to motivation is that we can make up a need for every human behavior. He called the first set motivators (or growth needs). According to his theory, people first direct their attention to satisfying their lower-order needs. evolution, theory in biology postulating that the various types of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations. To take precautionary measures. Rays beginning and ending accounts receivables balances are $147,990 and$142,720, respectively. a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. a. deterrence theory b. routine activities theory c. social disorganization theory d. neurological theory, Examples of informal sanctions include the following EXCEPT ______. c) instrumentality contingency contracting f. Therapies that strive to help clients understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. d) People are less comfortable when they are under-rewarded than when they are over-rewarded. e) 40, Locke and Latham goal-setting research found that __________. Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? This is a manifest need. a) MBO It reflects a motivation to influence and be responsible for other people. As shown in Exhibit 14.7, the ERG model addresses the same needs as those identified in Maslows work: Exhibit 14.8 identifies a number of ways in which organizations can help their members satisfy these three needs. are licensed under a, Major Characteristics of the Manager's Job, How the Brain Processes Information to Make Decisions: Reflective and Reactive Systems, Administrative and Bureaucratic Management, External and Internal Organizational Environments and Corporate Culture, The Internal Organization and External Environments, Organizing for Change in the 21st Century, Ethics, Corporate Responsibility, and Sustainability, Dimensions of Ethics: The Individual Level, Ethical Principles and Responsible Decision-Making, Leadership: Ethics at the Organizational Level, Ethics, Corporate Culture, and Compliance, Emerging Trends in Ethics, CSR, and Compliance, Cultural Stereotyping and Social Institutions, Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs, Trends in Entrepreneurship and Small-Business Ownership, Strategic Analysis: Understanding a Firms Competitive Environment, Gaining Advantages by Understanding the Competitive Environment, A Firm's External Macro Environment: PESTEL, A Firm's Micro Environment: Porter's Five Forces, Competition, Strategy, and Competitive Advantage, The Strategic Management Process: Achieving and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, The Role of Strategic Analysis in Formulating a Strategy, Strategic Objectives and Levels of Strategy, Planning Firm Actions to Implement Strategies, Measuring and Evaluating Strategic Performance, An Introduction to Human Resource Management, Influencing Employee Performance and Motivation, Talent Development and Succession Planning, Benefits and Challenges of Workplace Diversity, Situational (Contingency) Approaches to Leadership, Substitutes for and Neutralizers of Leadership, Transformational, Visionary, and Charismatic Leadership, Opportunities and Challenges to Team Building, Factors Affecting Communications and the Roles of Managers, Managerial Communication and Corporate Reputation, The Major Channels of Management Communication Are Talking, Listening, Reading, and Writing, Formal Organizational Planning in Practice, Management by Objectives: A Planning and Control Technique, The Control- and Involvement-Oriented Approaches to Planning and Controlling, MTIIts Importance Now and In the Future, External Sources of Technology and Innovation, Internal Sources of Technology and Innovation, Management Entrepreneurship Skills for Technology and Innovation, Managing Now for Future Technology and Innovation, The New York City Metropolitan Transit Authority undertook a new approach to how they perform critical inspection and maintenance of subway components that are necessary to providing reliable service. b) only two needs may be activated at the same time Manny is classified as driven by a need for: d) 28 a) Specific goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are no goals or vague or very general ones. That is, we are motivated by intrinsic rewards, rewards that we more or less give ourselves. Organziational Behaviour, 7ce Chapter 4: Theories of Motivation Chapter 4 Theories of Motivation 4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Motivation is A) a component of ability, personal traits and desire. The individual level does not impact the group level. First, when a need has been energized, we are motivated to satisfy it. Sustainability should be visible both within and outside the company. Managers often assume that employees do not have certain needs because the employees never try to satisfy them at work. d) valences High need for achievement can also be important, but it sometimes results in too much concern for personal success and not enough for the employers success. Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: contingency. A motive is a source of motivation; it is the need that a person is attempting to satisfy. As a result, they perform better in jobs that require teamwork. To praise, honor, or eulogize. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior c) reinforcers Such needs may exist (latent needs); the work environment is simply not conducive to their manifestation (manifest needs). All of the following characteristics apply to the prokaryotes except A. Prep for a quiz or learn for fun!. Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. a) reducing work inputs. a) Existence Job enrichment programs are among the many direct results of his research. d) all three needs may not be activated at the same time Maslow was a psychologist who, based on his early research with primates (monkeys), observations of patients, and discussions with employees in organizations, theorized that human needs are arranged hierarchically. Given the success of the program, in 2017 it was expanded to all RBS sites and a smartphone app was added to help employees participate in the challenges (Barton 2017). She enjoys feeling a sense of belonging. d) Existence, relatedness, and goals Ans: e Page: 102 Question 1 All of the following are criticisms of Freud's theory EXCEPT: Answers: Selected Answer: c. He relied on correlational methods. According to Maslow, lower-level needs must be satisfied before high-level needs can be achieved. This book uses the e) social needs tend to be dominant in more collectivist societies. d) The research can only be replicated with the original method. The need for affiliation (nAff) reflects a desire to establish and maintain warm and friendly relationships with other people. To adhere and remain loyal to a friend. To influence or direct the behavior of others by suggestion, seduction, persuasion, or command. Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories. But what if Lucretia also has a need to dominate others? a) not possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs To answer this question, we must examine types of motivation. According to this perspective, the manager's job is to identify what people need and then to make sure that the work environment becomes a means of satisfying these needs. Understand the content theories of motivation. We recommend using a 47. The general strategy for the practical application of situational theories includes all of the following except? Achievement needs become manifest when individuals experience certain types of situations. c) Two-factor theory e) ERG theory, 65. To overcome opposition forcefully. c) People with a high need for affiliation like attention and recognition. Effective managers carefully assess the degree to which people have high or low nAff. Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. Clayton Alderfer observed that very few attempts had been made to test Maslows full theory. As with nAch, nAff varies in intensity across individuals. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe motivator factors in the two-factor theory? a) Acquired needs c) top-down goals. The content theories of motivation include all of the following EXCEPT: a. hierarchy of needs theory. psychopharmacology j. Watson's carative factors include all the following, EXCEPT: A. e) relatedness, According to McClelland, someone with a high need for _________ is drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication. Physiological, safety and social needs are __________ according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. Considerable numbers of studies have demonstrated that tasks are intrinsically motivating when they satisfy at least one of three higher-order needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. c) Expectancy The key difference between theories of learning and models of teaching is that theories describe a. explicit strategies. a.) d.) esteem and physiological. Champions for the effort must be found throughout the organization, not just at the top. For example, our need for water takes precedence over our need for social interaction (this is also called prepotency). a. The Prison Expansion Era. These are expectations for Mintzberg's interpersonal role of ____. e) ERG theory, Manny has always been driven by the need to work more efficiently, solve problems, and master complex tasks. c) an employee's responsibility to teach their managers of personal need profiles required for success in different jobs individual. According to the theory, our longevity is primarily determined at the moment of conception and is largely reliant on our parents and their genes. d) Safety All of the following statements about the equity theory of motivation are correct EXCEPT: Therefore, the more we satisfy our growth need, the more important it becomes and the more strongly we are motivated to satisfy it. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following factors are the sources of job satisfaction? eclectic therapies d. Therapy in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. Describe a content theory of motivation. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. c) procedural justice c) more than one need may be activated at the same time c) an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives a) Acquired needs theory A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. b) instrumentalities But most of us dont steal. an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. More specifically, Herzberg believes these motivators lead to high performance (achievement), and the high performance itself leads to satisfaction. Orem believes there are two types of human beings: those who need nursing care and those who produce it. Lastly, the aspiration component of the ERG model notes that, by its very nature, growth is intrinsically satisfying. One major implication of Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory is the somewhat counterintuitive idea that managers should focus more on motivators than on hygienes. To vindicate the ego. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. 4. d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as higher-order needs? 2016. How Companies Can Tap Sustainability to Motivate Staff. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/how-companies-tap-sustainability-to-motivate-staff/, Mulvey, Kelsey. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which theory can be traced to the father of the classical school of criminology? . They like situations where the probability of success is moderate. microbiology lab final exam answers wordpress com, symbiosis microbiology lab manual pearson answers, microbiology lab manual growth medium sterilization, biology 1010 lab manual answers wordpress com, biol 230 laboratory manual the grapes . The StackCommerce 2023 Travel Giveaway (the "Promotion") begins at 12:00:00 AM Pacific Time ("PT") on March 1st, 2023 and ends at 11:59:00 PM PT on March 31st, 2023 (the "Promotion Period"). The more we grow, the more we want to grow. cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)b. Any discussion of needs that motivate performance would be incomplete without considering Abraham Maslow.8 Thousands of managers in the 1960s were exposed to Maslows theory through the popular writings of Douglas McGregor.9 Today, many of them still talk about employee motivation in terms of Maslows theory. The cell theory includes all of the following EXCEPT: a) All living things are composed of cells. The need for affiliation contributes to managerial success only in those situations where the maintenance of warm group relations is as important as getting others to work toward group goals. Employees who continuously have to be told how to do their jobs require an overly large management team, and too many layers of management spell trouble in the current marketplace. SDT takes the concepts of extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation further than the other need theories. 66. Because when he digs a hole, he gets results. One of your authors has a father-in-law who would much rather spend his weekends digging holes (for various home projects) than going fishing. McClelland calls this the two faces of power.7 A personal power seeker endeavors to control others mostly for the sake of dominating them. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. A need is a human condition that becomes "energized" when people feel deficient in some respect. d) the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy They do it because it is intrinsically motivating; the hobby satisfies needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, Organizational Theory CHAPTER 5-8 Quiz 2 Set, Ch.14 Leader Traits and Behavioral Styles, Nonprofit Managment - Chapter 17 Internationa, Nonprofit Chapter 16 - Social Entrepreneurshi, Nonprofit Chapter 15 - Government Grants and, Nonprofit Management Chapter 14 - Earned Inco, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, Combo with Phonology and Acqusition and 1 oth. Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. In 2016, the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) launched a pilot program called Jump in which employees participated in challenges on ways to save water and electricity, as well as other sustainability issues. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards c) Esteem integrative. safety. Do you think social responsibility to promote sustainable practices? b.) Hygienes can cause dissatisfaction if they are not present in sufficient levels. c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety Q9 - Rational choice theories developed in the midst of social events that included all of the following EXCEPT: The Drug War. SDT would suggest that the primary way to motivate high performance for such jobs is to make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. Match leadership to the conditions at hand. a) expectancy is high and instrumentality and valence are low Why might concentrating on motivators give better results? the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. If the MARR is 20%, which pump should be selected? b) self esteem d) Felt positive inequity e) Esteem, relationships, and growth, 64. When these needs are met, we experience satisfaction. a) How a person will respond to types of leadership direction e) inducements, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by selecting people with proper abilities, training them well, providing them the needed resources, and identifying clear performance goals. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. c) affiliation c.) physiological, safety, and social. d) Self-actualization They have very strong desires for feedback about how well they are doing. Herzberg also refers to these factors as dissatisfiers because they are frequently associated with dissatisfied employees. d) power We are not born with a high (or low) need for achievementwe learn to need success (or failure). d) affiliation factors d) Cells are made up of similar shapes, colors, and sizes. b) Physiological The Promotion contains a game of chance . a) Esteem, social, and safety b) Task feedback, or knowledge of results, is likely to motivate people toward higher performance by encouraging the setting of higher performance goals. The cell membrane is composed. a.) e.) ERG, According to equity theory, __________ exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively less than others have received in proportion to work inputs. Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? Kohlberg's theory of moral development Piaget's stages of cognitive development Erikson's stages of psychosocial development Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development Henry A. Murray recognized this problem and condensed the list into a few instinctive and learned needs.3 Instincts, which Murray called primary needs, include physiological needs for food, water, sex (procreation), urination, and so on. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Which of the following statements about goal setting is INCORRECT? d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. Whatever their perspective, most people have a cause that they are passionate about. b) the five need levels may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location. Task feedback, or knowledge of results, overwhelms employees with information and reduces employee motivation toward higher performance. Do you think most companies CSR programs are essentially PR gimmicks? According to the company website, Bombas exists to help solve this problem, to support the homeless community, and to bring awareness to an under-publicized problem in the United States (n.p.). b) instrumentality b) 25 For example, it is difficult for researchers to ascertain when interaction with others satisfies our need for acceptance and when it satisfies our need for recognition. To attack, injure, or kill another. Round to the nearest cent. a) goal-oriented rewards. A reclusive accountant may not have been given the opportunity to demonstrate their need for achievement because they never received challenging assignments. e) Motivation, If the average worker can produce 25 ornaments an hour, which goal is likely to lead to the best performance? To admire and support a superior. a) distributive justice When a person is behaving in a way that satisfies some need, Murray called the need manifest. 1999-2023, Rice University. a. losing one's family b. shame c. arrest d. losing a job, All of the . To control ones human environment. Individual therapy meets the standard of best practices when it includes all of the following EXCEPT. Abeka speech for every day review quiz 1 Flashcards. A problem often discussed in the engineering economy literature is the "oil-well pump problem." c) achievement. (Credit: Patrick Cashin/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), Corporate Social Responsibility as a Motivating Force, (Credit: Adrenalin Tim /flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), (Attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC-BY 4.0 license), Satisfying Existence, Relatedness, and Growth Needs, Jamie Dimon, CEO at JP Morgan Chase, is reported to make $27 million dollars per year, and as CEO has an interesting and intrinsically rewarding job. b) self esteem Which of the following statements accurately describes Herzberg's hygiene factors? Companies benefit from reduced waste and increased employee engagement. SDT specifies when an activity will be intrinsically motivating and when it will not. But what happens if these hobbyists start getting paid well for their sweaters and carvings? To seek enjoyable relaxation from stress. d. through the insights of clinicians d Transpersonal psychology's founders include all of the following except: a. Abraham Maslow b. John Krumboltz c. Stanislav Grof. Give examples. Previously, most organizations attended primarily to hygiene factors. McClellands research differs from Murrays in that McClelland studied three needs in depth: the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power (often abbreviated, in turn, as nAch, nAff, and nPow).5 McClelland believes that these three needs are learned, primarily in childhood. a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence The theory posits that to maximize employee motivation, employers must try to guide workers to the upper parts of the hierarchy. d) an employee's responsibility to request that their managers develop need profiles required for success in different jobs e) The theory fails and does not clearly categorize salary. a) expectancies Which of the following is a limitation of Herzberg's two-factor theory? e) People with a low need for achievement will also have a low need for affiliation. and you must attribute OpenStax. For each pair of socks purchased, the company donates a pair of socks to someone in need (Mulvey 2017). d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. To excite, amaze, fascinate, entertain, shock, intrigue, amuse, or entice others. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. Refinements of Maslows theory in recent years reflect this more limited hierarchy.11 The self-assessment below will allow you to evaluate the strength of your five needs. Researchers have used it to identify the wide range of factors that influence worker reactions. To make an impression. d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence a) Safety Other needs take over and we endeavor to satisfy them. c) hygiene factors Over time the hobby becomes less fun and is done in order to receive extrinsic rewards (money). Good pay by itself will only make the employee neutral toward work; to attain satisfaction, employees need challenging job duties that result in a sense of achievement. Lucretias chattiness probably indicates her need for affiliation. To like to laugh and make jokes. Accounting for the imputed interest on a noninterest bearing note receivable is an example of what aspect of accounting theory? Even if the virtues in different cultural contexts have the same name, like "honesty" or "justice," they may well be different in their essential content. b) Self-actualization and esteem If motivator needs are ignored, neither long-term satisfaction nor high motivation is likely. That is, SDT posits that extrinsic rewards not only do not provide intrinsic motivation, they diminish it. benzodiazepines e. The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders. c) When a person will react to specific management styles Jobs that are best performed alone are more appropriate for low-nAff employees, who are less likely to be frustrated.
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